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Nature Neuroscience
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A multidisciplinary journal that publishes papers of the highest quality and significance in all areas of neuroscience.
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Can peer review police fraud?
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How are neurons damaged in multiple sclerosis?
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Telencephalic oligodendrocytes battle it out
The exact embryonic origins of forebrain oligodendrocytes have been unclear. A new study addresses the question with elegant genetic fate mapping, and concludes that oligodendrocytes are generated in three distinct waves. Oligodendrocytes from later waves eventually replaced those generated in earlier waves, but if one wave was lost, the other waves could compensate.
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Defending the brain from estrogen
Alpha-fetoprotein binds estrogens in the developing brain. A new paper shows that inhibiting estrogen rescues the brain masculinization found in female mice lacking this gene, suggesting that alpha-fetoprotein inhibits estrogen activity in females.
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Indirect-pathway neurons lose their spines in Parkinson disease
The Cav1.3 calcium channel is found on striatopallidal neurons expressing the D2 dopamine receptor. A new study finds that in an animal model of Parkinson disease, this channel is involved in degeneration of dendritic spines on striatal projection neurons.
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Another BOLD role for astrocytes: coupling blood flow to neural activity
Increased local blood flow in response to neural activity is critical for brain function and the basis for functional imaging. Takano et al. now show that in vivo, astrocytes are central in translating neural activity into vasodilation via a mechanism involving COX1 metabolites.
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Directing the auditory spotlight
Visual attention in primates is influenced by microstimulation of the frontal eye fields. A study in Nature now reports similar effects on auditory information processing after microstimulation of a region of the forebrain that controls gaze direction in barn owls.
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Specifying nociceptors
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Subcellular organization of GABAergic synapses: role of ankyrins and L1 cell adhesion molecules
Z Josh Huang
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Bidirectional behavioral plasticity of memory reconsolidation depends on amygdalar protein kinase A
Reconsolidation?the stabilization of a memory after retrieval?is hypothesized to be a critical and distinct component of memory processing, the disruption of which results in memory impairment. In the rat, we found that activation of amygdalar protein kinase A (PKA) was sufficient to enhance memory only when it was retrieved; in contrast, PKA inhibition impaired reconsolidation. This study demonstrates both a selective enhancement and an impairment of memory reconsolidation dependent on amygdalar PKA.
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Experience-dependent modification of mechanisms of long-term depression
Mechanisms of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) change considerably during development, but the importance of these changes and the factors that control them is not clear. We found that visual experience triggered a switch in mechanisms of LTD in rat perirhinal cortex, an area critical for visual recognition memory. Thus, changes in synaptic plasticity mechanisms were correlated with the changing physiological demands on the CNS.
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Competing waves of oligodendrocytes in the forebrain and postnatal elimination of an embryonic lineage
Nicoletta Kessaris, Matthew Fogarty, Palma Iannarelli, Matthew Grist, Michael Wegner
& William D Richardson
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The Runx1/AML1 transcription factor selectively regulates development and survival of TrkA nociceptive sensory neurons
Frédéric Marmigčre, Andreas Montelius, Michael Wegner, Yoram Groner, Louis F Reichardt
& Patrik Ernfors
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Netrins guide Drosophila commissural axons at short range
Marko Brankatschk
& Barry J Dickson
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Serum response factor controls neuronal circuit assembly in the hippocampus
Bernd Knöll, Oliver Kretz, Christine Fiedler, Siegfried Alberti, Günther Schütz, Michael Frotscher
& Alfred Nordheim
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An essential role for ?FosB in the nucleus accumbens in morphine action
Venetia Zachariou, Carlos A Bolanos, Dana E Selley, David Theobald, Michael P Cassidy, Max B Kelz, Tamara Shaw-Lutchman, Olivier Berton, Laura J Sim-Selley, Ralph J Dileone, Arvind Kumar
& Eric J Nestler
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A role for cardiotrophin-like cytokine in the circadian control of mammalian locomotor activity
Sebastian Kraves
& Charles J Weitz
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Alpha-fetoprotein protects the developing female mouse brain from masculinization and defeminization by estrogens
Julie Bakker, Christelle De Mees, Quentin Douhard, Jacques Balthazart, Philippe Gabant, Josiane Szpirer
& Claude Szpirer
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Molecular disruption of hypothalamic nutrient sensing induces obesity
Wu He, Tony K T Lam, Silvana Obici
& Luciano Rossetti
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Role of p21-activated kinase pathway defects in the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer disease
Lixia Zhao, Qiu-Lan Ma, Frédéric Calon, Marni E Harris-White, Fusheng Yang, Giselle P Lim, Takashi Morihara, Oliver J Ubeda, Surendra Ambegaokar, James E Hansen, Richard H Weisbart, Bruce Teter, Sally A Frautschy
& Greg M Cole
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Retinoic acid receptor ?2 promotes functional regeneration of sensory axons in the spinal cord
Liang-Fong Wong, Ping K Yip, Anna Battaglia, John Grist, Jonathan Corcoran, Malcolm Maden, Mimoun Azzouz, Susan M Kingsman, Alan J Kingsman, Nicholas D Mazarakis
& Stephen B McMahon
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Selective elimination of glutamatergic synapses on striatopallidal neurons in Parkinson disease models
Michelle Day, Zhongfeng Wang, Jun Ding, Xinhai An, Cali A Ingham, Andrew F Shering, David Wokosin, Ema Ilijic, Zhuoxin Sun, Allan R Sampson, Enrico Mugnaini, Ariel Y Deutch, Susan R Sesack, Gordon W Arbuthnott
& D James Surmeier
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Astrocyte-mediated control of cerebral blood flow
Takahiro Takano, Guo-Feng Tian, Weiguo Peng, Nanhong Lou, Witold Libionka, Xiaoning Han
& Maiken Nedergaard
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Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood
Yaniv Ziv, Noga Ron, Oleg Butovsky, Gennady Landa, Einav Sudai, Nadav Greenberg, Hagit Cohen, Jonathan Kipnis
& Michal Schwartz
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Activity in prefrontal cortex during dynamic selection of action sequences
Bruno B Averbeck, Jeong-Woo Sohn
& Daeyeol Lee
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